Tag: raspberry pi

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Configuring rtl_fm and Direwolf for decoding Amateur Radio Packet on the Raspberry Pi

rtl_fm is one of the utilities from the rtl_sdr package for using a TV dongle as an SDR. Head over here if you need more info on this.

Direwolf is a soundcard based packet modem.

According to the Direwolf docs, it supports using rtl_fm as an input, so I thought I would take a look at look at getting these running together.

I’ve used rtl_sdr and rtl_tcp on my Pi before, but not rtl_fm, so first to get this working.

To playback the stream from rtl_fm you need to pipe into into some audio app. This is the same way that direwolf is going to read the stream too. Following the suggestion here on the rtl_sdr page, this command works fine for a local broadcast radio station on 96.9MHz:

rtl_fm -f 96.9M -M wbfm -s 200000 -r 48000 | play -r 48000 -t s16 -L -c 1  -

I’m not sure what all these options are, but the key options seem to be -s for the sample rate, and -r for the resolution. The -r value needs to match on the rtl_fm side and on the play side.

Now to get direwolf installed on Raspbian:

– per the userguide, first install libasound-dev:

[code]sudo apt-get install libasound-dev[/code]

– download the source zip from: https://home.comcast.net/~wb2osz/site/?/page/Download/

– unzip and cd into the direwolf folder

– make with:

[code]make -f Makefile.linux

make install-conf

make install_rpi[/code]

At this point I have rtl_fm on the Pi working as it should, and direwolf working great when decoding audio input from a 2m radio input via a USB soundcard. Combining the two though is giving me issues.

I don’t thing I’m able to get a strong enough received signal on 2m on the RTL stick even with an external 1/4wave 2m antenna.

This is the combination of commands, rtl_fm, piping into Direwolf:


[code]rtl_fm -f 145048467 -M fm -s 200000 -r 32000 -g 35 | direwolf -n 1 -r 32000 -b 16 -t 0 -[/code]

I’ve allowed for the tuning offset ppm on this RTL card, but maybe I’ve calculated this wrong?

Anyway, since Direwolf by itself on the Pi is working well and what I needed for a small packet project was to be able to decode packet on the Pi, I’ll be putting rtl_fm on hold for the time being and playing with Direwolf by itself.

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Changing display resolution on Rasbian

Settings such as HDMI video output are configured in the /boot/config.txt file – you can edit this on the Pi with ‘sudo nano /boot/config.txt’. If you need to edit on another machine, see details here.

This page lists available video modes. On my LG E2341 connected by HDMI, uncommenting and changing these two settings works to set the output to 1080p:

hdmi_group=1

hdmi_mode=16

 

 

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Setting Raspberry Pi / Raspbian default locale and keyboard settings

Default locale and keyboard settings on the Raspberry Pi can be configured using raspi-config on Rasbian.

Select option 4 Internationalization, and select options to configure your locale, timezone and connected keyboard layout.

If you’ve installed Raspbian and kept the defaults you probably ended up with a UK keyboard layout, and if you have a US keyboard, you’re wondering why some of your keys are producing unexpected characters 🙂

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Calling C printf from ARM ASM

A while back I started to learn some ARM assembly on the Raspberry Pi. In my previous snippets, I was using SWI to do a system call to write to stdout, but it appears syscall 4 to write to stdout only writes Strings – if you have a byte value, this approach doesn’t work (without converting to a String first?)

From this question here, it appears you can call C functions like printf, which seems like cheating a bit, but I guess it gets the job done.

Here’s a quick snippet to add two numbers, and then print the result using printf with a string containing %d to substitute the result into the String:

[code]
.global main
.extern printf
main:
push {ip, lr}
mov r3, #1 /* move 1 to r3 */
mov r4, #2 /* move 2 to r4 */
add r4, r3, r4 /* r4 = r3 + r4 */
_ouput:
ldr r0,=output /* load address of output string */
mov r1, r4 /* move r4 result to r1 to include as param in string */
bl printf /* call printf */
_exit:
MOV R1, #0
MOV R7, #1
SWI 0
.data
output:
.asciz "Result: %d\n"
[/code]

Where previously I was compiling and linking in two steps with as and ld, it seems this doesn’t work if you are referencing C functions too, so for this example, compile with: ‘gcc add.s -o add’

This snippet and a few others I’ve started to collect I’ve shared in a github repo here: https://github.com/kevinhooke/learning-arm-asm

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