Differences between US and UK Amateur Radio license rules and restrictions – part 2

A while back I posted this article about some of the differences I’ve noticed while studying for a UK Amateur Radio license compared to the US license rules. I’ve just come across a few more about geographic restrictions, which are probably amongst the most curious of the license rules.

US Geographic Restrictions

In the US, the Part 97 rules define a couple of geographic areas where you’re not allowed to transmit.

97.303 states:

(m) In the 70 cm band:

(1) No amateur station shall transmit from north of Line A in the 420-430 MHz segment. See §97.3(a) for the definition of Line A.

And defines Line A as:

(30) Line A. Begins at Aberdeen, WA, running by great circle arc to the intersection of 48° N, 120° W, thence along parallel 48° N, to the intersection of 95° W, thence by great circle arc through the southernmost point of Duluth, MN, thence by great circle arc to 45° N, 85° W, thence southward along meridian 85° W, to its intersection with parallel 41° N, thence along parallel 41° N, to its intersection with meridian 82° W, thence by great circle arc through the southernmost point of Bangor, ME, thence by great circle arc through the southernmost point of Searsport, ME, at which point it terminates.

The reason for this restriction is that Canada does not allow 70cm Amateur Radio usage between 420-430Mhz and so this corridor along the North US border with Canada and between Alaska and Canada is to prevent interference with other primary users of 420-430MHz.

There are a couple of other location specific restrictions stated in Part 97 for US operators:

(2) Amateur stations transmitting in the 420-430 MHz segment must not cause harmful interference to, and must accept interference from, stations authorized by the FCC in the land mobile service within 80.5 km of Buffalo, Cleveland, and Detroit. See §2.106, footnote US230 for specific frequencies and coordinates.

Since 70cm band usage is on a secondary user basis, restrictions are to prevent interference with primary users in these areas.

The US Part 97 rules also mention restrictions for the National Radio Quiet Zone in Virginia – this location contains the Green Bank Observatory and a Naval Research Station. Part 97.203 mentions restrictions to automated beacon stations in this area.

Another interesting restriction on 70cms is the power restriction to 50w in locations near to particular military bases. Having lived in the Sacramento Valley area, this 70cms restriction is known to the local clubs and operators as a measure to avoid interference within 150 miles of the PAVE PAWS radar at Beale AFB.

UK Geographic Restrictions

I’ve only come across these similar UK restriction so far, stated on the license bandplan:

431 to 432 MHz is not available within 100 km radius of Charing Cross, London

As UK 70cm usage is as a secondary user, this is again to avoid interference to primary users in this band.

On 2m:

Beacons may be established for DF competitions except within 50 km of TA 012869 (Scarborough)

If anyone knows what is specifically at this location leave a comment below, although this RSGB page and map may give some clues since Menwith Hill is also mentioned here as another area with restrictions.

Amateur Radio – remembering Ohm’s Law with the VIR triangle (and the PIV triangle)

For the Amateur Radio license exams (for most countries) you need to remember Ohm’s Law, which is easily remembered by the Ohm’s Law triangle:

 V
I R

where:

V = voltage (volts)

I = current (amps)

R = resistance (ohms)

To calculate any value knowing the other 2, cover the value you need with your finger and then use the remaining calculation, e.g.

V = I x R

I = V / R

Similarly for Power, use the PIV triangle:

 P
I V

where:

P = power (watts)

I = current (amps)

V = voltage (volts)

Differences between US and UK Amateur Radio License rules and restrictions

I currently hold a US Amateur Extra license (my callsign is KK6DCT) which in the UK would be equivalent to the Full license. I’m curious what the similarities and difference are between US licenses and UK licenses so decided to take a look. This is just a casual observation so please do not refer to anything here as fact, I may and probably do have some things wrong.

In the US the 3 license classes are Technician, General and Extra, where Extra has full privileges. In the UK the equivalents are Foundation, Intermediate and Full. In the US each license level gives you access to additional bands and ranges within each band. Technician in summary gives you VHF and above plus part of 10m, General adds parts of the HF bands and Extra gives you full access to everything. With the UK licenses, privileges are by allowed TX power, with Foundation restricting you to 10w access to parts of most bands HF and VHF, Intermediate raises the allowed power to 50w, and Full to 400w.

For US licenses you are required to identify your station at least once every 10 minutes. For the UK license you’re required to identify ‘as frequently as is practicable during transmissions‘ but there’s no time requirement specified.

I’m curious what other differences there are – I may come back and add to this post later. If you’re aware of more differences leave a comment below.

linbpq install on Lubuntu 22.04

I’m setting up a test install of linbpq on Linbuntu 22.04. This is just a test install to play with the config.

Since linbpq is a 32 bit app, you need to add i386 32bit library support:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
./linbpq
./linbpq: error while loading shared libraries: libasound.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

To fix, install:

$ sudo apt-get install libasound2

Next error

./linbpq: error while loading shared libraries: libz.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

To fix this on I installed 32bit gcc:

$sudo apt-get install gcc:i386

At this point I was able to create a simple bpq32.cfg file to test telnet access, and I’m up an running:

SIMPLE

LOCATOR=YOURLOCATOR ; Node locator
NODECALL=YOURCALL-5 ; Node callsign
NODEALIAS=YOURALIAS ; Node alias (6 characters max)
LINMAIL ; Enable BBS
LINCHAT ; Enable CHAT
BBS=1

PORT
PORTNUM=2
ID=Telnet Server
DRIVER=Telnet
CONFIG
CMS=1
LOGGING=1
DisconnectOnClose=1
TCPPORT=8010
;FBBPORT=8011 6300
HTTPPORT=9123
CMDPORT 63000
LOGINPROMPT=user:
PASSWORDPROMPT=password:
MAXSESSIONS=10
CTEXT=BPQ32 Telnet Server\nPress ? For list of commands \n\n
USER=testuser,changepasswordhere,testuser,””,SYSOP
ENDPORT

APPLICATION 1,BBS,,YOURCALL-7,YOURBBSALIAS,255
APPLICATION 2,CHAT,,YOURCALL-8,YOURCHATALIAS,255