Windows History: DOS vs NT sourcecode heritage

As a software developer, I’m fascinated by computer and IT history. I grew up with 8 bit home computers like the Sinclair ZX Spectrum, and developed my first applications in Sinclair BASIC which most likely kickstarted my interest in software development.

I find it interesting when developers have very little interest or knowledge in even recent history of the tools and platforms that they work with every day. For example, statements like “I’m glad Windows 10 no longer has any dependence on MS-DOS like Windows 8 did”, or “Microsoft completely developed Windows 10 from scratch, you know”, – neither statements which could be further from the truth.

Up until Windows XP, Windows was developed as two parallel code lines, the MS-DOS based code line, Windows 1.x through 3.x, 95, 98, and ME, (95, 98 and ME aimed at home consumers) and the Windows NT code line for enterprise users. After Windows ME, Windows XP was developed based on the NT kernel from Windows 2000, with some features taken from ME and it’s MS-DOS code line.

There’s a great history of the parallel code lines in this article on the History of Microsoft Windows on Wikipedia, and clearly illustrated in this diagram:

(From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Microsoft_Windows, shared under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license).

Windows ME was the last release of the MS-DOS based Windows code line, and Windows 10 is the next release in the Windows NT code line, which as you can see from the timeline above, shares it’s heritage with 8, 7 and Vista before it.

Installing Windows 8.1 guest on Linux Mint KVM

On my first attempt booting from the Windows 8.1 DVD to install as a guest in KVM, I got the initial Windows 8 splash screen, the DVD would spin for a few seconds but then spin down, and it would appear to be stuck at the logo screen, never reaching the spinning circle stage below the Windows icon.

There’s numerous posts of Windows 8 hanging at the logo screen, most of the conclusions seemed to be unless you didn’t have an error, just leave it until you get to the language selection dialog. I left mine about 10 minutes and got to the language dialog ok (I don’t remember a bare metal install taking that long before).

For my KVM vm settings, I left everything as defaults, apart from these changes based on numerous other posts on installing Windows 8 and 10 on KVM:

Processor: 1 CPU, and ‘copy host CPU configuration’

Disk: virtio disk bus, raw format, cache mode = node (not default)

Nic: virtio

Video: vga

After selecting ‘Custom install’ the ‘Where do you want to install Windows’ dialog says it could not find any drives. This is where you mount the virtio iso in the dvd for the vm, and then continue.

I hadn’t added a cd drive with the virtio iso to my vm before starting the install, and it looks like Virtual Machine Manager won’t let you add a device while the vm is running. Luckily, following as answer on this post, you can add a device on the fly with this command:

virsh attach-disk vmname /dev/sr0 hdc --type cdrom

I then loaded the virtio driver from this location on the mounted iso:

Next I got this rather cryptic error message:

"Windows is unable to install to the selected location. Error: 0x80300001."

Apparently this is a common error regardless of whether you’re installing Windows 8 in a VM or not. The quick explanation – unmount the virtio drivers iso, put back the install iso (or actual DVD) and refresh. Select partition (or create one) and continue. See here.

After completing all the prompts during install, success, Windows 8.1 virtualized using KVM on Linux Mint!

Post install, to get the virtio network card drivers install, mount the virtio iso disk, use the Control Panel/Drivers to view devices, pick the network card, then point to the NetKVM dir.

Next challenge, getting better video drivers installed (taking a look at Spice).

 

BGR: “when it comes to smartphones, Microsoft sadly seems as clueless as ever” (and why a dockable phone is a step backwards)

Microsoft is still not getting much love for its new Windows Mobile Lumia phones, recently dubbed by TechCrunch as “the best phones no one buys“. When Microsoft announced the new flagship Lumia 950 would only be available via a single carrier in the US (AT&T), I wondered if this was because the other major carriers in the US were not interested in carrying the phone. As it turns out though, the decision to only sell through AT&T was Microsoft’s decision. In a response to why those chose to limit to a single carrier, the response from Microsoft was:

“…We’re refocusing our channel strategy, narrowing it in the short-term and planning for broader operator availability long-term”

The Microsoft quote above is from BGR’s article “Does Microsoft even want people to buy Windows Phones anymore?” – the title which really says it all, but also adds “… when it comes to smartphones, Microsoft sadly seems as clueless as ever”.

Microsoft’s FY16 Q1 Financial Results announced that their Phone sales for Q1 were down 56%. Ouch.  The Lumia 950 release was after Q1 though, so maybe they’re seeing some increase now the new phones are out, but probably not that much. Missed sales targets in 2015 were also mentioned in the company’s SEC 10K filing, and given as the reason for the $7.6bn write off for it’s recent purchase of Nokia.

Of all the features of the 950 phones, the Continuum feature is probably the most interesting, being able to take the phone mobile and then plugin a desktop monitor and keyboard when you get to the office or get back home, but honestly, who would actually do this? The phone itself doesn’t have direct connectivity to a monitor or keyboard either, you have to buy the additional $99 dock. Sales people who spend a lot of time traveling on the road perhaps might be interested in this, but it doesn’t seem to fit into any current usage pattern for how a ‘typical consumer’ would use their mobile device. And this is not a new feature either. Remember when the Motorola Atrix launched in 2011? One of it’s promoted features at the time was it’s ability to dock and use a desktop monitor and keyboard (running a slimmed down Linux version). Don’t remember this? No probably not. Neither does anyone else.

Access to my apps and data through a single device is not a step forward

If phone docking was such a great idea then all smartphones would be dockable by now. My aging Galaxy S3 supports an HDMI connection to a monitor via a USB adapter (and USB keyboards for that matter too), but I think I’ve used that feature maybe twice in the past 2 years, and only out of curiosity, not for any real practical purpose . Focusing on the physical device itself as the gateway to apps, data or services that I need to use seems like the wrong approach. If my apps and data are online in the cloud then why would I limit myself to accessing them through a single physical device that I need to plug in to other physical devices in order to get access? I’d rather access my apps and data through a browser which I already have on my existing (not even current gen) Android phone, on my personal laptop (running OS X), on my work laptop in the office (running Windows 7), on my desktop in the office at home (running Linux Mint), or for that matter on any device anywhere. Web-based access to practically anything, anywhere, from any device is here today and the typical usage pattern for most users.

… access through a single dockable device seems like a step backwards, not a step forwards; it’s a usage pattern that is not relevant today.

 

Microsoft offers to buy your old PC and Mac gear to encourage upgrades to Windows 10

Microsoft really want you to upgrade. Not content with ‘accidentally‘ forcing upgrades on some Windows 7 and 8 users that hadn’t upgraded yet, apparently they have an old equipment trade in program if you buy a new PC running Windows 10. You can get upto $200 for an old laptop, but for a MacBook you can get $300. Really? Microsoft values old Macs more than old PCs. You’d have to give me far more than $300 to trade in even an older MacBook. How about buy me a new MacBook Pro, throw in the Windows Sourface for free, and then when I’m convinced I really don’t like Windows then I still have a new MBP. That sounds like an awesome deal.